Nikolai (Mykola) Amosov, MD (December 6, 1913, Cherepovets, Russian Empire – December 12, 2002, Kiev, Ukraine) was a Ukrainian doctor, heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast, known for his inventions of several surgical procedures for treating heart defects. Born to Russian peasants, Nikolai fought in the German-Soviet War. After the war he moved to Kiev and in 1965 wrote Thoughts on Health, selling millions of copies. He was the recipient of multiple Orders including two Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, and two Orders of the Red Star. In 2008 he was recognized as second to Yaroslav I the Wise of the Great Ukrainians by a public opinion in the TV show The Greatest Ukrainians. Nikolai Amosov was born December 6, 1913. in the village Olkhovo of Vologda province. In 1932 he graduated from Cherepovets Mechanical College, followed by 3 years of work as a shift mechanic at the Arkhangelsk electric power station. In 1939 he graduated from the Arkhangelsk Medical Institute, and in 1940 - with distinction from the All-Union Correspondence Industrial Institute. During the Great Patriotic War he was at the front as the leading surgeon of a field

Ivan Pulyui (Ukrainian: Іван Пулюй, German: Johann Puluj) (2 February 1845 in Hrymailiv, a village near Ternopil, Austria–Hungary – 31 January 1918 in Prague) was a Ukrainian-born physicist, inventor and patriot who has been championed as an early developer of the use of X-rays for medical imaging. His contributions were largely neglected until the end of the 20th century. Ivan Pulyui graduated with honors from Theological Faculty of the University of Vienna (1869), later also from the Department of Philosophy (1872). In 1876 Pulyui finished his doctorate on internal friction in gases at the University of Strasbourg under supervision of August Kundt. Pulyui taught at the Navy academy in Fiume (Rijeka, Croatia) (1874–1876), University of Vienna (1874–1884) and the German part of the Higher Technical School in Prague (1884–1916). He served as the rector of the Higher Technical School in Prague (German part) in 1888-1889. Pulyui also worked as a state adviser on electrical engineering for Bohemian and Moravian local governments. In addition he completed a translation of the Bible into the Ukrainian language. Pulyui did heavy research into cathode rays, publishing several papers about

Stefan Drzewiecki (July 26, 1844 in Kunka, Podolia, Russian Empire (today Ukraine) – April 23, 1938 in Paris) was a Polish scientist, journalist, engineer, constructor and inventor, working in Russia and France. Drzewiecki left Poland early in life to complete his education in France. With a knack for creativity and invention, he invented such useful tools as the kilometric counter for cabs. At the specific request of Grand Duke Konstantin, Drzewiecki moved to St. Petersburg in 1873. While in Russia, he constructed an instrument that drew the precise routes of ships onto a map. Drzewiecki distinguished himself mainly in aviation and ship building. Beginning in 1877, during the Russo-Turkish War, he developed several models of propeller-driven submarines that evolved from single-person vessels to a four-man model. He developed the theory of gliding flight, developed a method for the manufacture of ship and plane propellers (1892), and presented a general theory for screw-propeller thrust (1920). He also developed several models of early submarines for the Russian Navy. His work "Theorie generale de l'helice" (1920), was honored by the French Academy of Science as a fundamental work

Valentin Petrovich Glushko or Valentyn Petrovych Hlushko (Russian: Валентин Петрович Глушко, transcribed Valentin Petrovich GlushKO - accent on second syllable; Ukrainian: Валентин Петрович Глушко, transcribed Valentyn Petrovych HlushKO - accent on second syllable; born 2 September 1908 in Odessa, Russian Empire – 10 January 1989) was a Soviet engineer, and the principal Soviet designer of rocket engines during the Soviet/American Space Race. At the age of thirteen he became interested in aeronautics after reading novels by Jules Verne. He is known to have written a letter to Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in 1923. He studied at an Odessa trade school, where he learned to be a sheet metal worker. After graduation he apprenticed at a hydraulics fitting plant. He was first trained as a fitter, then moved to lathe operator. During his time in Odessa, Glushko performed experiments with explosives. These were recovered from unexploded artillery shells that had been left behind by the White Guards during their retreat. From 1924-25 he wrote articles concerning the exploration of the Moon, as well as the use of Tsiolkovsky's proposed engines for space flight. He attended Leningrad State